Review:

šPlato
Aristotle
šMachiavelli
Hobbes- Saying people are savage in their natural state, so we need social contract to make sure everything is fine and dandy.
šLocke
Adam Smith
Montesquieu
Karl Marx
Realism:
Liberalism
Constructivism
Natural Law
Social Contract theory
popular consent
Leviathan
Two Treatises on Government
Right to Rebel
Natural rights (unalienable rights)
Oligarchy
Direct democracy
Representative democracy
democrats/populists thought on gov. involvement
republican/ libertarian thought on gov. involvement
Mercantile system
laissez faire economics
capitalism
socialism
communism
totalitarianism
conservatism
liberalism
libertarianism
Written in 1787, the Constitution was signed on September 17th.
The first ten amendments became known as The Bill of Rights
Two of America's "founding fathers" didn't sign the Constitution. Thomas Jefferson was representing his country in France and John Adams was doing the same in Great Britain.


Of the written national constitutions, the U.S. Constitution is the oldest and shortest.


Basic Principals
•Separation of powers

•Checks and Balances

•Federalism



Preamble
We the People

In order to form - A more perfect Union

Establish Justice

Insure Domestic Tranquility

Provide for the Common Defense

Promote the General Welfare

Secure the Blessings of Liberty to ourselves and our Posterity

Do ordain and establish this Constitution

for the United States of America

Articles
Article I- The Legislative Branch

Article II- Executive Branch

Article III- Judicial Branch

Articles IV- VII- anticipate problems in the operation
of the new national government


*Supremacy Clause- When the government is superior to the state!
*Enumerated power- Come from the first article of the Constitution. 17 powers that the legislative branch carry out.

*Necessary and Proper Clause- Related to the Implied powers. Practically government saying that "it is necessary and proper for (insert thing here) so we can do our job".

*Implied Powers-Have to do with what's in the Constitution, and how the Enumerated powers are carried out. Allows them to step outside of what has been said.


Congress votes to propose an Amendment- must get 3/4th approval in either
State legislatures or
Specially called ratifying conventions in 3/4th of the states
27 Amendments


Last Amendment from 1992
Federal System- Power comes from the central and state government.
Unitary System- Only the people and the central government! No state governments.
Confederal System-Power comes from the state! Little power from the central government.
McCullough v. Maryland- The 2nd bank of the US is inside of Maryland. Maryland wanted to tax it. They want to put a state tax on a federal building. US Supreme Court decides that the State can't tax federal buildings. Necessary and Proper clause and the Supreme clause apply.
Gibbons v. Ogden- About interstate commerce. Gives federal government control.