ªThe United KingdomªDemographicsªMultinational State- not an official state- ªSeperated into three parts-ªEnglandªWalesªScotland- separate legal, religious, and educational institutionsªAnd six counties of Ulster in Northern Ireland- separate Parliament- UlsterªMulti-racial 6.5% of population- Commonwealth CountriesªªConstitutionªUnwrittenªPartly statutesªPartly common law and practiceªªAt no point did English meet and agree on type of gov. as US did in 1780sªªEvolution of English DemocracyªIndependent 12th C.ªRule of Law est. 17th C. ªAccountability of Crown/ executive 18th C.ªPolitical Parties organized 19th C.ªUniversal suffrage 20th C. (1918)ªªPolitical Parties ªConservativeªWant gov. to promote private initiativeªLabour and New LabourªOrigin in support of unions, improve public services- ªformed in 1900- became New Labour in 1997- Tony BlairªLiberal DemocratsªWant taxes raised for better health care and educationªFormed in 1987 combination of Social Democrats and Liberals- after Re-election of ThatcherªªSolutions to GovernanceªCrown central authority- medieval timesªCrown over the church- Henry VIIIªParliament over the Crown- 1660ªCrown fully accountable to the House of Commons- 1911ª
These certain sources of evolving power prevented conflict and built legitimacy
ªªStrong LegitimacyªReady Compliance with normsªAcceptance of traditionsªLaw enforcement does not Require large numbersª1/3 the size in proportion to population of US, Germany, and FranceªHabit and Tradition ªªModern Government ªDebate on this issueªSuffrage, competitive government?ªReign of QueenVictoriaªSociety- increasingly literate, urban, industrial, and critical of governmentªCreation of government institutionsªEconomics Central to post War Britain ªWWII - developed foundation for British economic systemªJohn Maynard KeynesªFull employmentªFair shares for allªMixed Keynsian Welfare StateªGrowthªEmploymentªLow inflationªMixed Welfare StateªFull Employment White Paper- 1944ªButler Education Act- 1944ªClement Atlee- Labour Gov.ªNHS established- 1948ªCoal mines, Gas, Electricity, Railroads, Steel- nationalizedªªªEconomic CrisisªConservative Government- maintains Keynes system- 1951-64ª1967-Crisis- borrow money from IMFª1970s- Join European Communityª1974-76 - Rising inflation, unemployment, contraction in economy- ªKeynes dropped- borrow more from IMFªªConservative ChangeªMargaret ThatcherªNickname- TINAªFree market offers a cureªSuccess combating inflationªUnemployment continued to riseªCut government spending in some programs, but the government grew in other areasªªThatcherismªStrong governmentªBritain represent national interest in EUªStrong relationship with Reagan USª1982 invasion of Falkland IslandsªCentral Government curbed autonomy of local governmentsªResigned before elections due to unpopularityªJohn Major- ConservativeªWeak ConservativeªNot electedªSupported EU and Maastricht TreatyªNot popular in his own partyªPrivatized coal and railwaysªªReemergence of “New”LabourªTony Blair elected in 1997ª“cool Britian”ªRode wave of economic boomªUse of media to connect to publicªDon’t increase income taxªPromote familyªStrong US relationshipªFocus on free marketªUse Government funds to improve public servicesªPolitical LeadershipªHead of State:The Crown- Queen Elizabeth IIªNon-political, enduringªDoes not publicly state opinions on legislationªSymbolizes authority of governmentªHer Majesty’s governmentªFormal assent to laws passed by ParliamentªLoyalty, traditionªPolitical LeadershipªHead of Government: The Prime Minister- David Cameron- Conservative- Coalition GovernmentªDowning StreetªNo fixed termªParty Management through patronageªParliamentary PerformanceªMedia PerformanceªWinning Elections-ªMaking/ Balancing policyªThe CabinetªSenior MPs from House of Commons and House of LordsªChancellor of the ExchequerªForeign MinisterªCompete for resources ªPolicymakingªChief Executive of a BureaucracyªAmbassador of their DepartmentªªªThe ParliamentªPalace of WestminsterªHouse of Lords- Upper Houseª1911- right to veto abolishedªInherited-until 1999ªNon-controversial legislationªActs as a revising chamberªHouse of Commons- Lower HouseªPopularly electedªªHouse of CommonsªMPs- majority party will easily pass legislationªHandful of MPs go against their party- considered rebellion- taking democracy too farªThe Gov. (Civil Service in Whitehall) has the money- not ParliamentªParliamentª1st- weigh political reputationª2nd- talk about legislation- demand Whitehall do somethingª3rd- Scrutinize Whitehallª4th- publicize issuesªLack of Power in CourtsªCan rule against a Parliamentary actionªThis ruling can be annulled by ParliamentªNo one can sue for their basic rightsªª
ªThe United KingdomªDemographicsªMultinational State- not an official state- ªSeperated into three parts-ªEnglandªWalesªScotland- separate legal, religious, and educational institutionsªAnd six counties of Ulster in Northern Ireland- separate Parliament- UlsterªMulti-racial 6.5% of population- Commonwealth CountriesªªConstitutionªUnwrittenªPartly statutesªPartly common law and practiceªªAt no point did English meet and agree on type of gov. as US did in 1780sªªEvolution of English DemocracyªIndependent 12th C.ªRule of Law est. 17th C. ªAccountability of Crown/ executive 18th C.ªPolitical Parties organized 19th C.ªUniversal suffrage 20th C. (1918)ªªPolitical Parties ªConservativeªWant gov. to promote private initiativeªLabour and New LabourªOrigin in support of unions, improve public services- ªformed in 1900- became New Labour in 1997- Tony BlairªLiberal DemocratsªWant taxes raised for better health care and educationªFormed in 1987 combination of Social Democrats and Liberals- after Re-election of ThatcherªªSolutions to GovernanceªCrown central authority- medieval timesªCrown over the church- Henry VIIIªParliament over the Crown- 1660ªCrown fully accountable to the House of Commons- 1911ª
These certain sources of evolving power prevented conflict and built legitimacy
ªªStrong LegitimacyªReady Compliance with normsªAcceptance of traditionsªLaw enforcement does not Require large numbersª1/3 the size in proportion to population of US, Germany, and FranceªHabit and Tradition ªªModern Government ªDebate on this issueªSuffrage, competitive government?ªReign of QueenVictoriaªSociety- increasingly literate, urban, industrial, and critical of governmentªCreation of government institutionsªEconomics Central to post War Britain ªWWII - developed foundation for British economic systemªJohn Maynard KeynesªFull employmentªFair shares for allªMixed Keynsian Welfare StateªGrowthªEmploymentªLow inflationªMixed Welfare StateªFull Employment White Paper- 1944ªButler Education Act- 1944ªClement Atlee- Labour Gov.ªNHS established- 1948ªCoal mines, Gas, Electricity, Railroads, Steel- nationalizedªªªEconomic CrisisªConservative Government- maintains Keynes system- 1951-64ª1967-Crisis- borrow money from IMFª1970s- Join European Communityª1974-76 - Rising inflation, unemployment, contraction in economy- ªKeynes dropped- borrow more from IMFªªConservative ChangeªMargaret ThatcherªNickname- TINAªFree market offers a cureªSuccess combating inflationªUnemployment continued to riseªCut government spending in some programs, but the government grew in other areasªªThatcherismªStrong governmentªBritain represent national interest in EUªStrong relationship with Reagan USª1982 invasion of Falkland IslandsªCentral Government curbed autonomy of local governmentsªResigned before elections due to unpopularityªJohn Major- ConservativeªWeak ConservativeªNot electedªSupported EU and Maastricht TreatyªNot popular in his own partyªPrivatized coal and railwaysªªReemergence of “New”LabourªTony Blair elected in 1997ª“cool Britian”ªRode wave of economic boomªUse of media to connect to publicªDon’t increase income taxªPromote familyªStrong US relationshipªFocus on free marketªUse Government funds to improve public servicesªPolitical LeadershipªHead of State:The Crown- Queen Elizabeth IIªNon-political, enduringªDoes not publicly state opinions on legislationªSymbolizes authority of governmentªHer Majesty’s governmentªFormal assent to laws passed by ParliamentªLoyalty, traditionªPolitical LeadershipªHead of Government: The Prime Minister- David Cameron- Conservative- Coalition GovernmentªDowning StreetªNo fixed termªParty Management through patronageªParliamentary PerformanceªMedia PerformanceªWinning Elections-ªMaking/ Balancing policyªThe CabinetªSenior MPs from House of Commons and House of LordsªChancellor of the ExchequerªForeign MinisterªCompete for resources ªPolicymakingªChief Executive of a BureaucracyªAmbassador of their DepartmentªªªThe ParliamentªPalace of WestminsterªHouse of Lords- Upper Houseª1911- right to veto abolishedªInherited-until 1999ªNon-controversial legislationªActs as a revising chamberªHouse of Commons- Lower HouseªPopularly electedªªHouse of CommonsªMPs- majority party will easily pass legislationªHandful of MPs go against their party- considered rebellion- taking democracy too farªThe Gov. (Civil Service in Whitehall) has the money- not ParliamentªParliamentª1st- weigh political reputationª2nd- talk about legislation- demand Whitehall do somethingª3rd- Scrutinize Whitehallª4th- publicize issuesªLack of Power in CourtsªCan rule against a Parliamentary actionªThis ruling can be annulled by ParliamentªNo one can sue for their basic rightsªª